Every industrial revolution in history will boost the rise of the powerful countries, trigger the transformation of national power and reshape the world. The development and application of artificial intelligence (AI) technology is also gestating a revolution that provides a major historical opportunity for China. "Seize the opportunity and take advantage of the momentum" has become a high consensus of the academic and business circles. The concerns of the world's major powers on the safety of artificial intelligence are deeper, wider and sharper than the trade-offs of past scientific and technological revolutions. Whether or not to become a leader in this emerging technology in the global competition for the development of artificial intelligence depends to a large extent on the understanding, understanding and response to the issue of “development and securityâ€.
Artificial intelligence is a typical military-civilian dual-use technology. The advantages and disadvantages coexist. The higher the intelligence, the more prominent the double-edged sword features. The late British scientist Professor Stephen Hawking believed that artificial intelligence might destroy human beings and directly referred to the question of whether or not he could control the artificial intelligence. He mentioned the height of human strategy. At present, all countries in the world are attaching great importance to their security risks while competing to develop artificial intelligence. Political, military, industrial and think tanks intensively discuss their threats and challenges to national security and the international order. To sum up, the security risks of artificial intelligence technology applications are highlighted in three aspects:
The first is national security risks. Artificial intelligence technology enables machines to have more and more advanced intelligence, trying to break through the limitations of manpower, and even change the deep connection between humans and technology, bringing profound changes to the country's development. Its "power is comparable to nuclear weapons" is recognized as “Subversive technology that brings profound changes to national securityâ€. If it is not properly controlled, it will directly affect the security and stability of important industries and core areas such as politics, political power, economy, finance, network, and culture. Major countries have placed special emphasis on the dangers of artificial intelligence jeopardizing national security in important documents such as national security strategies and science and technology development strategies: First, they are worried about the lack of this emerging strategic capability. It is generally believed that a new generation of artificial intelligence will become an important strategic deterrent force, similar to “self-weightâ€. Without occupying the commanding heights of artificial intelligence, it is difficult to grasp the initiative and have the right to speak in the future international arena. In April 2018, RAND issued a report entitled "The Impact of Artificial Intelligence on the Risk of Nuclear War", stating that by 2040 artificial intelligence could fundamentally reverse the foundation of the nuclear deterrence strategy. The second is to worry about the loss of control over the abuse of artificial intelligence technology. Artificial intelligence, which is highly capable of obtaining technical means, is easy to obtain, extremely difficult to control, and has a low threshold for abuse. It is easy to fall into the hands of extreme individuals or criminal gangs, which will pose a major threat to political security and social stability. The third is to worry about the oversight of major security risks in artificial intelligence applications. The application of artificial intelligence technology has many uncertainties. In recent years, the use of big data analysis and social platforms to deploy "robot water army" to achieve "network intervention election" in Western politics and Cambridge analysis companies use artificial intelligence, etc. Technology controls the exposure of voters' opinions and behaviors, highlighting new political security risks. Without predictive, early warning and preventive capabilities, systematic and catastrophic risks in an intelligent era are inevitable.
The second is military security risks. Dual-use technology is most favored by the military. On the one hand, more and more countries are trying to develop “fatal automatic weaponsâ€, while individual or non-state actors are increasingly able to obtain such “four-two-pronged†“remote precision strike capability†and “machine automatic killing†may not Then there is science fiction. On the other hand, some national or non-state entities may transform industrial robots developed by commercial groups into practical “robot warriorsâ€. What is more noteworthy is that the Western military has been studying more and more intelligent weapons and equipment, battlefield tactics, and war theory, and it has become more and more in-depth, which has caused widespread concern among people of insight. So far, Tesla founder Musk and 116 experts from 26 countries jointly sent a letter to the United Nations last year, strongly calling for the suppression of the "smart weapon" armament competition and its control in international conventions. At the beginning of April this year, more than 50 experts and scholars from 30 countries and regions jointly boycotted the robotic weapons research and development project of the Korea Institute of Science and Technology and military enterprises. A report from the British government made it clear that the artificial intelligence system could never be hurt.
The third is social security risks. The innovation and promotion of artificial intelligence technology will continue to break through the limitations of existing laws and regulations, social norms and ethics, and directly bring multi-dimensional security challenges to social life. First, the economic production and living mode of a smart society is highly automated. The replacement of traditional labor with intelligent machines directly brings about the impact on employment while liberating human laborers, bringing social to the developed countries that have already had employment pressure. risk. In particular, artificial intelligence is increasingly used in decision making in big data environments. Because machine systems cannot explain or rationalize decisions made by people, so-called "algorithm bias" can lead to more complex social problems. Second, when smart technology is everywhere, the Internet of Everything becomes the norm, and a large amount of personal privacy is directly exposed to smart devices, posing an increasingly sharp and quite common network information security problem. Third, artificial intelligence is mainly driven by software and algorithms, while software and algorithms are written by humans, and technical flaws and human defects are inevitable. The deep integration of artificial intelligence and the Internet of Things makes smart products a new risk point and breakthrough for cyber attacks. Artificial intelligence is both universal and sensitive, and it is used in anti-use. There is a difference between good and evil. Studies in the United States have shown that false fake scenes and fake audio and video will directly trigger stock market turmoil, street politics and social crisis. At the World Hacking Conference in the past two years, "artifacts" and "killers" with artificial intelligence have appeared. The United Nations has held the "Artificial Intelligence to Good" conference, which specifically discusses technical standards, safety norms and ethics, in order to prevent robots from doing evil and expressing the collective anxiety of the international community. Recently, more than 3,100 employees of Google Inc. jointly protested the development of high-end artificial intelligence technology for the Pentagon. This is also a reaction to this social concern.
Second, dialectical understanding of the security issues facing artificial intelligence applicationsLooking back at the history of human civilization, in the face of the technological revolution and social innovation where both advantages and disadvantages coexist, human beings can always explore a development path of benefiting and avoiding harm by virtue of their own wisdom, so as to adapt to the process of adapting to development and transforming nature, turning the danger into safety. Compared with the aforementioned risk hazards, the development opportunities brought by the new generation of artificial intelligence to humans are more realistic and obvious. With the increase in computing power, the accumulation of large-scale data and the advancement of learning algorithms, artificial intelligence is reshaping our world, society and life. The ever-changing artificial intelligence application not only makes our life more convenient and efficient, but also provides new ways and means for us to cope with and solve major social and global problems. It is especially important that the development of artificial intelligence will bring huge economic development opportunities to the world. According to a PwC study in 2017, global GDP will increase by 14% in 2030, equivalent to $15.7 trillion, driven by artificial intelligence technology. The relationship between development and security is self-evident. Looking back on China's modern history, in the face of many major world technological changes, due to the entanglement and loss of evidence in risk perception and security prejudgment, we have lost many historical development opportunities and left bitter regrets. Forty years of reform and opening up have vividly proved that "development is the last word" and dialectically reveals that "no development is the greatest insecurity." Therefore, there should be a dialectical understanding of the security issues facing the development of artificial intelligence.
First of all, we must establish a scientific concept of security. We must base ourselves on development and safety, weigh the pros and cons to talk about safety, prevent the absolute understanding of security issues and the tendency to expand security risks. We must not let security issues become a roadblock and a stumbling block on the road of development. Instead, we must respond actively with effective laws and regulations, management tools and technical measures, so that security can be the bottom plate and stepping stone for ensuring development. Only when we have a comprehensive scientific understanding of security issues will we not be entangled and fearful, and we will dare to embrace artificial intelligence technology with open arms to grasp this historical opportunity.
Second, we must establish an effective governance strategy. From steam engine to electric power, from computer to network, any technological innovation goes through a process from imperfect to perfect, from uncontrollable to controllable. The way of governance basically should be based on the difference between the two benefits. The two evils are better than the ancient ones. Therefore, development is first, governance is behind, but with the change of time and space, the time difference between development and governance is constantly shortening. Until the Internet development in the past decade, we are still taking the path of development and governance. Practice has shown that due to the rapid development of technology, the application is too broad, and the impact of the application is too great. For the emerging technology with subversive and super-strong, the governance lag is becoming more and more difficult. For the distinctive features of the new generation of artificial intelligence, such as autonomy, intelligence and self-adaptation, the urgency of development and governance is more prominent. European and American countries have simultaneously considered safety control and risk management in the artificial intelligence development strategy, increased the research on safety issues and the input intensity of security measures, and prepared for the effective control of security risks. This is a new trend to deal with the security risks brought about by disruptive technologies, which deserves our attention and reference. In order to avoid disadvantages in the development of a new generation of artificial intelligence, we must not avoid security challenges, and take scientific considerations and pragmatic spirits to simultaneously consider and solve security measures to provide rapid and rapid development of artificial intelligence. Reliable security guarantee.
Once again, we must establish a good social environment. A good social environment is the best soil for technological innovation. Any technological advancement and technological innovation are costly. To enjoy the development opportunities brought about by artificial intelligence, we must pay for the social changes that may be brought about. Governments, businesses, and the public must be prepared to pay for the development of artificial intelligence. The wider the application of artificial intelligence, the more prominent this problem will be. We must not only tolerate mistakes in the development, testing and promotion of artificial intelligence technology, but also tolerate mistakes, and to develop an "absolutely safe" understanding of the culture and concept of security and confidentiality. Misunderstanding, avoiding the reflexive regulatory impulse, relying on development to resolve hidden dangers, and dynamically controlling risks.
Third, effectively respond to the security challenges raised by the development of artificial intelligenceChina has officially released a new generation of artificial intelligence development plan. With its large-scale market and technological application advantages, we will continue to develop this hard truth and seize the innovation of this bull nose, so that we can seize the opportunities and get the initiative. On the key issue of safety control, as long as we adhere to both development and governance, and benefit from disadvantages, we can get out of a new path with Chinese characteristics.
(1) Strengthen strategic guidance, give play to institutional advantages, and strive for technological leadership. First, under the guidance of the overall national security concept, improve the development strategy of artificial intelligence, especially to fully consider the new characteristics of new generation artificial intelligence technology and new fields of application, handle the dialectical relationship between development and security, and synchronize layout, design and arrangement. Safety related work content. Second, it is aimed at national strategic needs such as national defense and security, and unified the construction of technical infrastructure such as artificial intelligence national laboratories, security risk assessment bases, and simulation test sites. Prevent all industries and departments from rushing to the top and repeat investment to avoid waste of resources caused by homogeneous competition. The third is to set up major science and technology projects, research and develop artificial intelligence to actively defend key technologies, seize the strategic commanding heights, and improve the country's core competitiveness in this field.
(2) Strengthening the integration of the military and the people, promoting commercial applications, and promoting innovation and development. First, it can increase the basic research investment related to artificial intelligence security, and aim at the application needs of large-scale artificial intelligence in transportation, medical care, finance, education, smart city, industrial control, etc., research targeted security technologies, and promote original innovation. Second, artificial intelligence business application innovation can be regarded as an important content of military-civilian integration, stimulate technological innovation and transformation of results, encourage the practical application of scientific research results, improve in application, improve and improve in improvement, and form a good industrial ecology. Third, it can support cross-departmental and cross-border data sharing and business cooperation, promote mechanism innovation, and effectively convert China's informational dividend, network dividend and big data dividend into the direct driving force for the development and application of artificial intelligence.
(3) Strengthening safety management, improving prevention capabilities, and controlling major risks. It is advisable to combine deepening reforms to clarify the responsible departments for the safe management of artificial intelligence, prevent “Jiulong Water Controlâ€, and reduce the burden of business and public policy. Eryi should adapt to the national artificial intelligence development strategy, continuously increase investment, focus on building technical standards, governance systems and governance capabilities such as fail-safe, anti-interference, anti-destruction and anti-control, and strive to be among the strongest countries of artificial intelligence. Sanyi implements the concept of the community of human destiny, supports scientific research groups, experts, scholars, and enterprises to carry out extensive international cooperation, actively build an international cooperation platform for artificial intelligence, and actively participate in the formulation of international standards and rules. Focusing on major international issues such as robotic alienation and security risk management and governance, we will strengthen research, propose Chinese programs, contribute Chinese wisdom, and play a Chinese role.
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