Even with the invention patent of IPv9, the skeptics still have many people. According to Shenyang Bowen, he interviewed Qian Hualin, the chief scientist of the Computer Network Information Center of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, on the evaluation of “China's IPv9â€. “Shanghai's 'Chinese IPv9' has nothing to do with the 'IPv4' and 'IPv6' IETF standards. Shanghai' The 'digital domain name (ENUM)' of China's IPv9', 'Digital Domain Name' and IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force, the standardization organization responsible for the development and promotion of Internet standards) is not the same thing."
Since the existing IPv4 protocol address space is 1.0.0.0 to 239.255.255.255 (excluding 127.0.0.0 to 127.255.255.255), there are only 4.2 billion, and the IP allocation due to the estimation of the Internet development trend is not in the early stage of the Internet development. Rationality, IP resources are very limited. Therefore, in the early 1990s, the industry started discussions on the next generation Internet and future networks centered on international network standards organizations such as IETF and ISO/IEC. The following standards have had important impacts.
Under the unremitting efforts of Chinese engineers, IPv9 research has achieved a key breakthrough. At present, IPv6 has become the internationally recognized next-generation Internet standard, and IPv9 has become the core architecture foundation of the future Internet.
IPv9 is designed to avoid large-scale changes to existing IP protocols, resulting in next-generation Internet compatibility and environmental protection to reduce carbon emissions. The main idea of ​​the design is to integrate the TCP/IP IP protocol with circuit switching. Using a router compatible with both protocols, the designer conceived that the addresses of the three protocols (ipv4/ipv6/ipv9) can be made through a series of protocols. Simultaneous use in the Internet to gradually replace the current Internet structure without having an excessive impact on the current Internet. Due to the rationality of the design of ipv9, it has gained the attention of iso and the Internet Society.
Research on the Advantages and Disadvantages of IPv9 AddressThe Friends of IPv9 Overseas Association believes that the issue raised by the International Wisdom Society is very reasonable and valuable, and is also closely related to IPv9 technology. To this end, the association organized experts at home and abroad to study this issue from the perspective of IPv9, and submitted the research results to the International Wisdom Society for review. The International Wisdom Society is now publishing the full text of the study. Experts and scholars around the world are welcome to continue to provide comments on this issue.
I. Overview
In the International Wisdom Society IWS-G13051, the contradiction between the big address and the communication transmission speed is pointed out. To solve this contradiction, it is very wrong to use a simple binary thinking that is either one or the other. It is necessary to use a multi-dimensional thinking method to think about the solution from multiple angles, and finally find the most fish and bear's paw. Good effect. This is the basis for thinking about this article.
In order to better illustrate this problem, this article will use the well-known Chinese IPv9 technology as an example. There are very natural reasons for adopting this case. IPv9 has been known from the very beginning for its "big address" proposition, and the technical solution of the Working Group of the Decimal Network Standards of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of China has clearly inherited this idea. And because China's IPv9 is more mature, the details of the technical solutions are revealed more, so that we can make a more in-depth evaluation of the idea of ​​large addresses. This will not only help to have a deeper understanding of IPv9 technology, but also help other research based on large address schemes in the future.
Second, the conception and evolution of IPv9 big address
IPv9 is a set of network protocols that the US IETF tried to develop in 1992-1995 to replace the first-generation Internet IPv4 protocol. The IETF has set up a working group for it. The specific technical name is abbreviated as "TUBA", and the "BA" English letters represent "Big Address". Therefore, the big address is one of the main technical ideas and features of IPv9.
IPv9's proposal for "big address" has its historical inevitability. As early as the early 1990s, the US IAB responsible for the design of the Internet architecture realized that the first-generation IP address format would face the danger of address exhaustion in the near future. It is urgent to seek a new generation of address protocols to continue and expand. IP address space. The reason for this problem is that the original IPv4 address design error, the address format is too short (32-bit), so that the address resources are limited, can not meet the growing address requirements.
Since IPv9 is the first IPv4 alternative (the original protocol number of IPv7 appeared in 1992), it must inevitably propose a large address in order to meet the requirements of the extended address capacity space. Later, the scheme of competing with IPv9 to compete with the next-generation Internet protocol, such as IPv6, also proposed a scheme with more than 32-bit address format, which actually reflected the idea of ​​large address.
However, during the US IETF's evaluation of the next-generation Internet protocol, the address lengths of IPv6 and IPv9 are still significantly different, and it is also a major cause of debate. The IPv6 address length was originally designed to be 62 bits. Although it is twice as long as the first generation protocol, it has been criticized by proponents of IPv9 as "not long enough, space increment is limited, and it is difficult to meet future demand." IPv9 solution is 128 bits. As the main design indicator, this is twice the length of IPv6. However, IPv6 supporters have criticized that IPv9 addresses are too long, unnecessary, and will increase the network transmission burden.
However, IPv6's 128-bit address still has many advocates. The 68-bit address of IPv6 became a shortcoming in its design. Of course, the IPv6 solution won because IPv9 was rejected due to other reasons (such as standardization political factors). Ironically, the IPv6 solution made a key technical change at the last minute, adopting the IPv9 128-bit address.
This has led some to believe that IPv6, like IPv9, is based on the idea of ​​a large address. However, you need to know that there are many technical differences between IPv9 and IPv6, and the address length is only one of them. Even the address length does not mean that the IPv6 and IPv9 big address concept is the same. This will be analyzed in the third section that follows.
Second, the address length and network transmission burden
From the historical experience of IPv9 and IPv6 competition, the following observations can be drawn:
1. The address length has a decisive influence on the amount of address space resources. The longer the address, the more resources the address space has.
2, the address length design should be forward-looking and have sufficient length to ensure long-term demand.
3, a sufficiently long address format will guarantee the long-term practical value of the format.
4, therefore, the big address has the necessity and superiority.
5. The longer the address, the longer it takes to send and forward information. This is an unavoidable contradiction.
6, but from the results of IPv6's final use of IPv9 128-bit address, the problem is not whether the address needs to be large, but how big it needs. The key is how to achieve a balance between the increase of address resources and the benefits of network transmission.
7, if the address has a certain length of demand (such as 128 bits), even if it will cause some transmission burden, it must be adopted.
8. If there is a need to prioritize between service demand and network transmission burden, the former should receive primary considerations, which should become a basic principle of the future network.
Third, China's IPv9 big address concept
The next problem to be solved is how the difference between the IETF's IPv9 and the IPv9 address length of the Chinese decimal network has been evaluated.
The first thing to be solved is whether IPv6 has achieved the target and performance requirements of large addresses. It should be pointed out that although IPv6 finally mimics the IPv9 big address concept and adopts the 128 address format of the IPv9 scheme, it does not fully realize the concept of large address. This is supposed to be, the basic format of IPv9 is 128 bits, but there is still a longer address format concept. For example, RFC 1606 and 1607 have proposed the idea of ​​a 1024-bit address. The TUBA working group had considered this plan in the past, but because it was too complicated, it did not form a specific technical solution. It was later considered a joke on April Fool's Day. Therefore, IPv6 does not fully satisfy the length planning of IPv9 large addresses.
And China's IPv9 has truly implemented the concept of "big address." This is manifested in:
1. The basic length of China's IPv9 address is 256 bits, which is twice as long as the TUBA scheme of IPv6 and US IETF. This means longer addresses, greater network resource space and more application design possibilities.
2, China's IPv9 has also studied the length of more than 256-bit addresses, especially the demonstration of 1024-bit applications, making this fantasy that is considered unrealizable become a practical technology.
3, China has also pioneered the study of address formats of more than 1024 bits (such as 2048 bits) and found its practical value. For example, Chinese experts have creatively proposed character direct routing technology and address encryption technology, and one of the premise of this technology is a large enough address length space. A 1024-bit address is not enough, and 2048 bits can satisfy this requirement.
4, China's IPv9 address technology is not only an increase in length, but also brings many advantages in application. China's decimal address format design incorporates an annual ring design, which adds many unique advantages to the management and use of addresses.
5, China's IPv9 address length increased, which can be solved because the address is short, can only use dotted decimal, thus having to increase the application of the domain name system to facilitate users, thereby increasing the addressing costs and due to increased technical procedures, thereby Actually reduced efficiency and increased unlocking. Since the length of the IPV9 address in China can accommodate the length of the existing domain name, it can be used directly as a character IP address. From the use of increased efficiency and safety, especially the safety factor in the cloud computing path.
From these aspects, China's IPv9 not only implements and perfects the large address technology solution, but also creatively opens up many practical technologies, making the new network system more competitive. China's IPv9 address length and practical performance not only far exceeds IPv6, but also spans the TUBA technology concept of the United States in the last century.
Fourth, how to overcome the problem of network transmission efficiency
The above description may even cause people to worry that the address of 1024-2048 bits will increase the burden on the network. For this concern, we believe that we need to understand from more aspects:
First, if there is no application demand, Chinese experts will not blindly propose to increase the length of the address. Since there is a specific address length requirement, it is reasonable to design such a design. Because as mentioned before, meeting the demand is the first consideration. For example, the 2048-bit address is for address encryption. Address encryption will certainly have a wide range of application requirements in the future, because it is significant for information security. Improving information security is one of the primary demands of the future network of empty cup design.
Second, unlike the single fixed address length of IPv6, China IPv9 adopts a composite address format, which implements a multi-length address scheme that the IETF considered impossible to design. China's IPv9 not only has 256-bit to 2048-bit long address, but also has a short address length of less than 64 bits, or even less than 32-bit ultra-short address format. Future networks can provide different address formats for different needs. Technologies such as “unscheduled positioning and fixed positioning without positioning†invented by Chinese experts have become the key to implementing this program.
Third, due to the design of the multi-length address format, the short address length of the future network also has the effect of saving network transmission time, which can offset the adverse effects of the ultra-long address.
Fourth, other network architectures and transport protocols designed by China's decimal network have more design for saving network resources, such as character direct routing, terminal-based domain name resolution, three- and four-layer composite architecture, and local priority transmission protocols. To improve network performance, in many application scenarios, the network burden generated by the super-length address can be neglected.
China's IPv9 technology not only has its own unique design in terms of address length, but also has practical practical considerations. It also adopts a variety of integrated technologies to ensure network performance is improved without causing network burden due to excessive address length. The negative impact of the process.
V. Conclusion
In summary, the big address does not bring the network burden, especially the character address directly replaces the domain name. By reducing unnecessary winding links and directly mapping characters to binary machine language, the network burden can be greatly reduced. In particular, the design of small addresses will greatly reduce the near addressing overhead of wireless cells. And can increase information security.
China's IPv9 has implemented the concept of big address and more creatively discovered its practical space, which has improved the service capability of the future network. Moreover, China's IPv9 has adopted a variety of measures to improve network transmission performance through the design of a new framework, which can make the network burden generated by large addresses offset or even neglect. This is a good design concept that "fish and bear's paw can have both".
At present, a trend of "seeing wood in the woods" in the technical field is worthy of attention. Some experts in the evaluation of new technologies, in order to express their "eyes sharp", are often satisfied with nitpicking, pointing out that a small problem will completely negate the new program. This is an unwise act. We hope that the review experts should be good at comprehensive assessment, comprehensive considerations, and even if they find small problems, do not rush to conclusions, but should study in depth to see if these problems can be solved, and give enough time and opportunity for the planners to Complement and defend the program.
In this way, China's ability to innovate can be improved, and China's IPv9 can improve China's network and information security.
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