The USB standard is constantly evolving, and energy efficiency regulations are becoming more stringent. Leading power semiconductor supplier ON Semiconductor leverages its expertise in power semiconductors and Weltrend's leading technology in USB PD to launch a series of energy-efficient, high-density USB PD power adapters to meet market demands and meet and exceed energy efficiency standards , such as the recent 65 W ultra-high-density USB PD adapter solution, which supports USB Type-C interface PD 3.0 and Qualcomm Quick? Charge 3.0TM Class A fast charging protocol, and the latest 90 W high-density USB PD adapter solution supports USB Type- C-interface PD 3.0, QC4.0 and PPS protocols with Active Clamp Flyback (ACF) topology using industry standard superjunction FETs with power densities of 30 W/in^3 and 20.8 W/in^3, respectively, The peak energy efficiency exceeds 94% and 92%, respectively.
Introduction to USB PD, QC 3.0 and QC 4.0
The full name of USB PD is USB Power Delivery, which is the USB power delivery protocol, which supports simultaneous data communication and power transmission of up to 100 W.
QC 3.0 is Qualcomm's third-generation fast charging technology. It supports a bus voltage (VBUS) range of 3.6 V to 12 V for Class A and 3.6 V to 20 V for Class B. Qualcomm's fast charging technology has now developed to the fourth generation, QC4.0, and supports USB PD.
Advanced Controller and Driver Offers Energy Efficient, Compact ACF USB PD Adapter Solution
ON Semiconductor's 65 W and 90 W ACF USB PD adapter solutions are a major advance in modern power adapter and battery charger designs. The core chips NCP1568 and NCP51530 used in the 65 W ACF USB PD adapter were also selected as the 2018 Top 10 Power Product Award by "Electronics Today" (EPC) and 21IC China Electronics Network (21ic.com). A recognized benchmark for determining innovative/high-quality products.
Figure 1: Compact ACF USB PD adapter solution (65 W: left one, two; 90 W: right)
Both ACF USB PD adapter solutions cover PD 3.0 specifications from 5V to 20V and QC 3.0 Class A specifications from 3.6 V to 12 V/3 A for laptops and tablets that need to be compatible with USB-PD or Qualcomm Quick Charge specifications Computers and other portable devices. The 65 W ACF USB PD adapter solution integrates ON Semiconductor's ACF controller NCP1568, high-speed half-bridge driver NCP51530, synchronous rectification controller NCP4305, and Weltrend's WT6615F PD controller, using industry-standard super junction (SJ) FETs, accounting for The board size is only 1.66†x 1.78†x 0.70â€, and the power density is 30 W/in^3; 90 W ACF USB PD adapter solution integrates ON Semiconductor’s power factor correction (PFC) controller NCP1622, ACF controller NCP1568, high-speed The half-bridge driver NCP51530, synchronous rectifier controller NCP4306, and Weltrend's WT6615F PD controller use industry-standard SJ FETs, occupying a board size of only 2.48" x 2.48" x 0.82" and a power density of 20.8 W/in^3.
The 90 W ACF USB PD adapter solution also uses a boost follower circuit to improve the PFC control performance and improve the low operating voltage efficiency.
Figure 2: 90 W USB PD power adapter scheme block diagram
Figure 3: Schematic diagram of NCP1568, NCP51530, WT6615F
The NCP1568 is a highly integrated AC-DC Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) controller in ACF topology including Zero Voltage Switching (ZVS) for high frequency applications (up to 1 MHz) requiring high power density and energy efficiency . It seamlessly transitions to discontinuous conduction mode (DCM), improving energy efficiency under light load conditions, enabling standby power consumption below 30 milliwatts (mW), in compliance with global energy efficiency regulatory standards. Adaptive ZVS frequency modulation provides variable output voltage, optimizing the implementation of USB-PD and fast charging. ACF topologies with proven superjunction FETs or high-performance Gallium Nitride (GaN) FETs can be used with fewer external components for higher density designs. The NCP1568 is housed in a small TSSOP-16 package with multiple protection functions. The silent jump function eliminates audible noise during operation, an essential requirement for indoor power adapter applications.
The NCP51530 is a 700-volt (V) high frequency, high-side and low-side driver that directly drives two N-channel power MOSFETs in high performance power applications. It features fast dynamic response, 30 nanosecond (ns) propagation delay for high frequency operation, and 5 ns propagation delay matching to ensure market-leading energy efficiency performance. The NCP51530 provides a very robust solution that is not susceptible to dv/dt (up to 50 V/ns) and negative transients.
Weltrend's USB PD controller WT6615F supports USB PD 3.0 specification and QC 3.0 for USB Type-C DFP downstream port (source) charging applications by integrating USB PD baseband physical layer, Type-C detection, shunt regulator, Voltage and current sensing, MOSFET controller for load switching, and 8-bit microprocessor minimize external component count for small form factor and low bill of material (BOM) cost, supporting a wide operating voltage range of 3 V to 30 V, No external LDO is required, and the multiple programmable ROM can be used to edit program code and user configuration data.
Both solutions integrate comprehensive protection features, including adaptive output overvoltage protection, undervoltage protection, overcurrent protection, short circuit protection, cable voltage drop compensation, ACF open-loop protection, etc., while achieving high energy efficiency and high power density. Ensure high reliability.
Energy Efficiency and Performance Testing
According to the latest COC V5 Tier 2 standard, standby power consumption, average energy efficiency and 10% load energy efficiency need to meet the following specifications.
After testing, the peak energy efficiency of the 65 W and 90 W ACF USB PD adapter solutions exceeded 94% and 92% respectively, and the average energy efficiency and 10% load energy efficiency also met and exceeded the COC V5 Tier2 standard, with small ripple and good dynamic performance. Taking the 90 W solution as an example, the energy efficiency test curve is as follows:
Figure 4: Standby power consumption less than 75 mW at 5 V output (cable unplugged)
Figure 5: Average Energy Efficiency Meets COC Tier2 Standards
Under the test conditions of 115 Vac and 230 Vac, when outputting 20 V, the full-load energy efficiency of the 90 W ACF USB PD scheme was measured to exceed 92%. Under test conditions of 230 Vac, the ripple at 5 V, 0.5 A output is less than 100 mV.
Summarize
The 65 W and 90 W ACF USB PD power adapter solutions jointly launched by ON Semiconductor and Weltrend Electronics adopt ACF topology, high energy efficiency, low standby power consumption, meet and exceed COC V5 Tier2 energy efficiency standards, and use industry-standard super-junction FETs. And the high frequency of operation greatly reduces the component size to achieve high power density, comprehensive protection features ensure high reliability and high robustness, excellent ripple and dynamic performance, enabling designers to quickly develop USB-PD and Qualcomm Quick A compact, energy-efficient power adapter in the Chargeâ„¢ specification.
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