The so-called single-chip microcomputer is a microcomputer that integrates the main functional components of some computers, such as a CPU (Central Processing Unit), a memory (Memory), a timer, and an I/O (Input/Output) interface circuit, on an integrated circuit chip. . Although the SCM is just a chip, it has the meaning of a microcomputer system in terms of composition and function. The Chinese "single chip" is a direct translation of the English name "Single Chip Microcomputer". The single-chip microcomputer integrates the main parts of the microcomputer into one chip, which greatly shortens the signal transmission distance in the system, thereby increasing the reliability and speed of the system. Therefore, in the field of industrial measurement and control, the single-chip microcomputer system is the most ideal control system. Therefore, the microcontroller is a typical embedded system and is the best choice for low-end applications of embedded systems.
The working process of the single-chip microcomputer is a process of constantly "taking instructions - analyzing instructions - executing instructions". The program of the one-chip computer is stored in the program memory in the form of one instruction. After the one-chip computer starts to work, the instruction is fetched from the specific position of the program memory. Then the instruction is analyzed by the controller inside the single-chip microcomputer and the instruction is executed according to the requirements of the instruction. One or more of basic operations such as number, number, arithmetic operation, logic operation, jump, etc. These operations are completed in a specified cycle. After the execution is completed, instructions are fetched in the next memory unit and repeated. Just the operation (of course, the specific content of these operations may not be the same as the previous one), so continue to repeat until the power outage. The “memory-specific location†and “prescribed period†mentioned here are related to the model of the MCU. The following is a description of the 51-series MCU as an example.
There is a register named PC (which is used to store a number of containers) in the 51 series MCU. After the MCU is reset, the contents of this register is set to 0000H. The controller inside the MCU is always based on the PC register. The value goes to the corresponding program memory unit to fetch the instruction. Therefore, after booting, the first instruction will be fetched from the 0000H unit and analyzed and executed. At the same time, the PC value will be adjusted accordingly, pointing to the position of the next instruction to be executed, and the next Where are the instructions? For a 51 microcontroller, an instruction may occupy one byte, two bytes, or three bytes. If the first instruction is a one-byte instruction, after the first instruction is fetched, the value of the PC becomes 0001H, therefore, after the first instruction is completed, the second instruction will be taken from the 0001H unit for execution, and so on. If the program is executed sequentially, the value of the PC will always increase. If there is a jump instruction in the program, the instruction will affect the value in the PC so that the value in the PC points to the address of the next instruction to be executed. This jump may be positive, such as jumping from 0000H to 0030H, or it may be reversed, that is, jumping back, such as jumping from 200H to 100H. It is precisely because the instruction can affect the value in the PC, so that the program can achieve "branches", "loop" and other functions. So, what is the time for executing an instruction? For 51 microcontrollers, there are three possible instruction execution times, one cycle, two cycles, and four cycles. No matter how much work an instruction requires, it must be completed within the specified time.
1, powerful
Microcontroller, English name for Microcontrollers, s zh qpx bc om also known as single-chip microcontroller, is an integrated circuit chip, is the use of VLSI technology to have data processing capabilities of the central processor CPU, read-only memory ROM , Random-access memory RAM, various I/O ports and interrupt systems, timers/counters, etc. Functions are integrated into a small and complete microcomputer system formed on a silicon chip. It can not only accomplish all the functions that the computer can perform, but also have The smaller volume has now been applied in communications equipment, home appliances, navigation systems, and real-time industrial control. Because it has the effect of upgrading products, it is often preceded by an adjective - intelligent.
2, a wide range of applications
The single-chip microcomputer has many different kinds, so it can also meet the application under different conditions, with a wider range of applications. According to whether it is universal, it can be divided into general-purpose single-chip microcomputer and special-purpose single-chip microcomputer. According to whether it provides parallel bus, it can be divided into bus type and non-bus type. According to its different application fields, it can be divided into industrial control type and typical type. Different types of microcontrollers have applications in different fields, thus resulting in a wider range of applications.
3, easy to expand
On the basis of the basic functions of the microcontroller, we can expand it according to the functions we need. Since the single-chip microcomputer has necessary components for the normal operation of the computer, there are many three-bus external and parallel, serial input/output pins for the extension outside the chip, so it is easy to construct computer application systems of various sizes under different requirements.
4, other hard features
Apart from the above features, the single-chip microcomputer also has a simple system structure, convenient use, modularization, strong control functions, high reliability, strong processing functions and high speed, low voltage, low power consumption, easy production of portable products, and strong environmental adaptability; High cost performance features.
What is the use of microcontrollerA single-chip microcomputer (MCU), also known as a single-chip microcontroller, is not a chip that performs a certain logic function but integrates a computer system onto a chip. In a nutshell: A chip becomes a computer. Its small size, light weight, and low price make it easy to learn, apply and develop. At the same time, learning to use a microcontroller is the best choice for understanding computer principles and architecture.
It can be said that in the 20th century, there were three eras of "electricity," namely, the electric age, the electronic age, and the current computer age. However, this kind of computer usually refers to a personal computer, or PC for short. It consists of a host, keyboard, display, etc. (as shown in Figure 1). There is also a class of computers that most people are not familiar with. This kind of computer is the single chip microcomputer (also known as a microcontroller) that gives intelligence to various kinds of machines. As the name suggests, this computer's smallest system uses only a single integrated circuit to perform simple calculations and controls. Because of its small size, it is usually hidden in the stomach of the controlled machine. It plays the role of a human mind in the entire device. It has malfunctioned and the entire device is paralyzed. Now, this kind of one-chip computer uses the field to already be very extensive, such as the intelligent instrument, the real-time industrial control, the communication equipment, the navigation system, the household appliances and so on. Once a variety of products are used on a single-chip computer, they can play the role of upgrading products, often preceded by the adjective - "intelligent", such as intelligent washing machines. Some products manufactured by some factory technicians or other amateur electronics developers are either too complex circuits or they are too simple and easily imitated. The reason may be that the product is not using a microcontroller or other programmable logic device.
Learning whether the microcontroller has the future to follow Xiao Bian to see the answers of users:
1, the answer of a net friend
All walks of life have their own future and depend on their personal preferences and abilities.
In general, the outlook is very good. This is a technical meal. The older it is, the more fragrant the type is, the higher the experience is, the stronger the ability is, and the corresponding salary and benefits are relatively high. Familiar with one, the difficulty is related to the hardware design and design-related technical difficulties, and the accumulation of experience. So at the beginning you may feel very hard because you have to learn. The work you do has its own unknown. It is to get a project. You don't know the exact completion time of the project, and the project cycle is long, often a few months, during which you have to consult a lot of information. However, in this line, it is easy to find a job.
The work involved is very extensive with the first floor. Electronic, automatic control, communications, machinery, automotive electronics, and security have all these industries. There are two main areas of work: software programming and hardware design.
2, the answer of Netizen II
Personally, I feel that not only is it not a future, but it is also a great way to go.
But having said that, it would be very tiring to do this trip, and most of the workers are premature.
Mainly engaged in the work of the electronics industry. General electrical and electronics are all within the scope of a single chip microcomputer.
3, the answer of the net friend three
Of course, there is a future, and it is also good; mainly engaged in electronic instrumentation, do research and development work. It is a combination of hard and soft jobs.
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