The microfluidic droplet chip is an important mode of the microfluidic chip, and the core function of the droplet is the microreactor. The microfluidic chip has a very high droplet flux and a small positive body. It should of course find application outlets in the field of reaction-based material screening and material synthesis.
High-throughput screening of different materials is a key area of ​​application for microfluidic droplet chips. For example, for the screening of new drugs based on small molecular libraries, the volume is as large as one million. If the screening is carried out by conventional methods, the cost is extremely high and the time is extremely long. Microfluidic droplets are known as the smallest microreactor. Chips should be an ideal alternative to solving this type of problem.
In general, the diameter of the droplets ranges from 5 μm to 120 μm, that is, the volume ranges from 0.05 pL to about 1 nL, and the usual rate of production is 1 kHz. The sample volume processed per day is as large as 10^8, if a gap is used. The distributor replaces the original hard distributor, and the sorting process can be increased by 10 times; the noise during the operation of the droplet is very low, the effective concentration of the rare particles can be increased, and the encapsulation of the droplets eliminates the substances in the droplets. The opportunity to contact the channel wall thus ensures the detection sensitivity of the substance within the droplet; the microfluidic droplet chip also has the particularly important advantage that the fluid carrying all of these droplet movements is precisely controllable.
Staffan et al. used droplet microfluidic chips for the screening of industrial enzymes. They use ultraviolet light to produce a whole-gene denatured yeast cell bank, dissolve the yeast by adding solvent, and after ultrasonic dispersion and re-dilution, they are mixed with the luciferase substrate into the droplets, and the yeast cells are encapsulated into the droplets. The enzyme is produced, the substrate is digested, thus increasing the fluorescence of the droplets, and after incubation, the droplets are separated by the difference in fluorescence intensity. Another example is the sorting of bacteria with different antibiotic resistance. The bacteria can be divided into two types according to different antibiotic resistance. Usually, the weaker ones will overgrow. The conventional classification method is to cultivate, dilute, and coat on agar plates. In order to isolate them from each other, this method takes several days. Balaban and others use microfluidic chip droplets to wrap a single bacteria in the droplets, and detect different antibiotic-resistant bacteria at 1000 Hz. And separated by resistance.
In addition to the above enzyme screening and bacterial screening, droplet microfluidic chips have also been widely used for antibody screening, even for high-throughput screening of single cells and individual molecules such as circulating tumor cells CTC. Zhejiang University Fang Qun et al developed a system based on droplet sequential operation array, which can automatically complete the complex manipulation of ultra-micro liquids in succession, and successfully applied to the screening of enzymes and cells, the screening of protein crystallization conditions, and a single Huh. Real-time quantitative RT-PCR detection of intracellular miRNA-122.
In addition to material screening, there are of course material synthesis. In fact, the droplets are flexible in manipulation, variable in shape, uniform in size, and have excellent heat and mass transfer properties. They can flexibly adjust the size, particle size distribution, morphology, composition, structure and physicochemical properties of the synthesized particles. In the field of materials, the field of synthesis of particularly high value-added microparticulate materials has shown great potential unlike the prior art, in which complex shaped particles have many different morphologies and the ability to integrate different functions on a single particle. The field of science and technology has received much attention, and the departments close to the industry have even put forward the requirements for mass production.
Zhang Qingquan and other micro-valve control methods strictly control the formation and size changes of individual droplets, and adjust the length, bonding angle, internal size sequence and chemical composition sequence separately or in combination to accurately prepare a variety of different Microparticles that are characterized by the opposite sex. They also established a method for the controllable microparticle synthesis based on double emulsion: a double emulsion forming chip was designed and fabricated, using partial surface modification in the chip channel, and two stages of T-channel and flow focusing. The droplet formation unit produces a double emulsion (O/W/O). Under the synergistic effect of the geometric limitation of the microchannel and the inhibition of the interfacial polymerization reaction, the hydrogel microparticles of meniscus or multi-form are prepared, which overcomes the single The effect of the effect on particle morphology control. Nisisako et al. use a ternary droplet structure to selectively polymerize droplets in the middle while injecting a light-sensitive fluid and two light-insensitive fluids into the channel, by means of mixed liquid surface tension and shear The instability caused by the shear force causes the multi-component flow to disperse into the ternary droplets. The light-insensitive fluid in the ternary droplets is fixed in the cylindrical microcapillary, and the spherical or uniform is obtained by ultraviolet irradiation. Two-sided concave particles. Li Chunlin of Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics adopted microfluidic droplet technology to allow the precipitant from the precipitate phase to enter through the droplet interface, raise the pH value, precipitate the solidified droplets, and according to the parameters such as the speed of precipitation of the solute contained in the droplet. Solid microspheres, hollow microspheres and two-sided hollow microspheres were prepared respectively, and the obtained microspheres had different specific surface areas and uniform sizes.
Microfluidic droplet generating chip
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