From now to the middle of this century is a crucial period for building a global energy Internet. Building a global energy Internet can be divided into three stages: domestic interconnection, intracontinental interconnection, and intercontinental interconnection. By 2020, we will focus on accelerating the development of clean energy and the interconnection of domestic power grids; by 2030, we will focus on promoting the development of large-scale clean energy bases in the continent and cross-border interconnection of power grids; by 2050, we will focus on developing “one pole together†(Arctic, Equator). The energy base and the promotion of interconnection across the continents have basically built the global energy Internet. The European Union, the United States and China have successively proposed to achieve 100%, 80% and 60%-70% of renewable energy in the energy supply by 2050.
In order to promote the healthy and orderly development of China's energy Internet, it will be gradually promoted in two phases in the near-term, and pilot demonstrations will be carried out in advance, followed by promotion and application. In 2016-2018, we will vigorously promote the pilot demonstration of the energy Internet. In 2019-2025, we will promote the diversification and scale development of the energy Internet.
The development process of the global energy Internet largely depends on the research and development level and joint efforts of clean power generation and power technology, UHV and smart grid technologies, advanced energy storage technologies, power grid control technologies, big data technologies, and integrated energy services. effect. The overall development trend can be discussed as follows.
1. Smart grid is the main technology mode of energy internet
Smart Grid (Smart Grid) is a new generation of intelligent technology that is integrated with the Internet concept, with the goal of “green and high efficiencyâ€, with two-way interaction and flatness as the main features, supported by modern information and energy storage technology. Grid. Smart grids have a narrow and broad sense. The narrowly defined smart grids refer to low-carbon green small microgrids based on distributed power sources, which can be operated separately or in conjunction with large grids. The broad-based smart grid refers to the entire regional and national low-carbon green grid that includes centralized power. The unique functions of the power grid and the irreplaceable position and role of the smart grid in energy greening determine that the smart grid is the main technical mode of the energy Internet. In fact, Jeremy Rifkin’s “energy sharing network†conceived in the book The Third Industrial Revolution refers to the smart grid.
The relationship between energy Internet and smart grid is the relationship between connotation and extension. Smart grid is the extension of the concept of energy Internet (connotation). They can also be seen as the relationship between macro-guided thinking and specific technical models. The energy Internet concept reveals the development direction of energy and power grids, and the smart grid construction provides specific technical solutions.
At present, most of the domestic research on energy Internet belongs to the category of smart grid construction, such as distributed energy access to the grid, micro-grid operation control and interconnection, integrated utilization of demand response resources, and electric vehicle charging and discharging facilities. Construction and operation, intelligent household electricity, and research and development of energy (electricity) routers. These elements are either grid-based, objects, or are themselves part of a grid, a facility, no matter how they fit into information technology, no matter how integrated their information and power facilities are, in order to make the grid more Good green, flexible, intelligent and efficient.
There is a situation worth pondering. Europe and the United States not only have no debate about the energy Internet, but the concept is rarely used in practice. For example, the United States also has a book on the theme of the new energy revolution, called Reinventing Energy: Commercial Solutions for the New Energy Century (Chinese translation was published in June 2014). The author is a famous energy expert Emory Lovins. . In his book, he analyzes the way in which the US renewable energy generation reaches 80% of total electricity demand by 2050, affirming the role of smart grids in reshaping energy and accelerating the transformation of traditional power systems, but never mentioning energy from beginning to end. The concept of the Internet. Observing the situation in Germany, we can also find that almost all the energy Internet things we talk about in China are included in their smart grid construction.
The Chinese have been enthusiastic about the Smart Grid, but it seems that this enthusiasm has turned to the energy Internet overnight. The reason is that there has been a big deviation in the construction of smart grids in China. It must be pointed out that the construction of smart grid is proposed in the context of a new round of energy revolution. Therefore, it is not a simple continuation and improvement of the original automation and intelligent construction of traditional power grids, but the green grid and democratization of traditional power grids. A profound change. However, due to the fact that China's smart grid construction is basically based on the intelligent construction of traditional power grids, many people have misunderstood. Another important reason is that the construction of the smart grid was kidnapped by the exchange of UHV.
For many years, the construction of power grids in most areas of China has been centered on the construction of UHV grids. The construction of power grids is basically subject to and served in this center, and the construction of smart grids is not excluded. Since we can't see the important role that smart grid construction should play in promoting China's energy greening and democratization, improving energy efficiency, and promoting the development of distributed energy, countless people with lofty ideals who are committed to the energy revolution will naturally hope. I am pinned on the energy Internet, and I will not hesitate to return to the source and set sail again. In fact, this is a situation that should not have appeared. It is both sigh and praise.
2. The second technology mode and "Internet +" expression
Smart grids are the main technology model for the energy Internet, but not the only model. Because the greening of energy cannot be achieved overnight, especially in China, the period of mixing renewable energy and fossil energy may be longer. In order to improve the comprehensive utilization efficiency of various types of energy and promote better and faster development of energy in the direction of low carbonization and greening, there is no doubt that the energy Internet has a second technology model. This is the smart energy network. The network is an integrated energy network consisting of distributed energy conversion and storage facilities consisting of transmission and distribution network, natural gas network, cold and hot gas network, etc., through coordinated planning and construction, using modern information technology and intelligent control technology for collaborative scheduling. Management, timely supply of gas, electricity, cold, heat, multi-variety energy, mutual assistance and complement to meet user needs, to achieve energy cascade utilization and intelligent matching of production end and energy end, to maximize energy comprehensive utilization.
Smart energy networks and smart grids are both technical models of the energy Internet, but the focus is different. The smart grid takes the power system as the research object and focuses on greening. The smart energy network focuses on the mutual conversion of various types of energy and the synergy and complementary advantages of various energy networks. The main goal is to maximize energy. Utilization rate and consumption ratio of clean energy. In a park, a town, or a larger area, the technical model of energy Internet construction needs to be determined according to the actual availability of energy resources. It is certain that with the advancement of renewable energy conversion, utilization, storage technology, and the increasing greening of energy, smart grids and smart energy networks will develop toward a new integrated energy supply system. At present, the construction of the smart energy network has achieved gratifying achievements and valuable experience in some places in the form of “pan-energy networkâ€.
The two technical models of the energy Internet can be expressed in a similar way in the era of "Internet +" today, making it more contemporary. The smart grid can be expressed as “green grid + internetâ€, and smart energy grid can be expressed as “energy grid + internetâ€. The advantages expressed in this way are that the concept is clear and targeted. The term "internet" in each expression refers to the Internet, and there is no other explanation. In the expression of smart grid, the word “green†is added before the grid, which points out the essence of the smart grid, which helps people grasp the correct direction in the construction of smart grid. In the expression of the smart energy network, the term “energy network†is used directly to indicate the basic characteristics of the second technical model of the energy Internet, avoiding unnecessary misunderstandings. The second is to highlight the characteristics and difficulties of the research object. “Green Grid†and “Energy Grid†are both networks. The addition of the Internet to the Internet is the “fusion†of the two networks. It is undoubtedly quite complex. It emphasizes that “the network†can remind people that they cannot handle the general “Internet +â€. The method to solve the problem.
In addition, it should be noted that the reason why "+ Internet" is used instead of "Internet +" is because when "Internet +" is also a kind of network, if "Internet +" is placed, It is easy for people to misunderstand the information network as the network that plays a leading role, which may lead to the reversal of the main and auxiliary in the construction practice of the energy Internet.
1. The development of clean energy power generation will continue to accelerate, and the competitiveness of clean energy will become stronger.
In recent years, new energy industries in various countries have developed rapidly, accelerating the application of renewable energy such as solar energy, wind energy and biomass energy, and launching civil wind power and photovoltaic projects to promote the development of distributed energy and change the status of traditional energy.
2. The scale of the energy storage market has expanded significantly
Energy storage systems will become a key node in the energy Internet industry. Future power trend control, distributed power and microgrid will be widely used, and energy storage technology will be a key part of coordinating these applications. According to the Zhongguancun Energy Storage Industry Technology Alliance (CNESA), China's energy storage market will reach 66.8GW by 2020.
3. Smart grid will allocate power resources more effectively, and grid technology innovation supports global energy
Although the Internet development is called the “energy†Internet, its energy transmission is basically in the form of “electricityâ€, while in the entity construction, it needs to rely on the power grid. UHV technology and smart grid technology are important means and methods for realizing the global energy Internet. The distance between the world's major clean energy bases and the load center is within the high-pressure transmission range. The smart grid has the significant advantages of supporting large-scale clean energy development, adapting to diverse user needs, achieving self-healing of faults, and improving operational economy, laying a foundation for the development of the global energy Internet. Smart grid is an important direction for the development of the world's power grid. The integration of large-scale new energy requires a strong smart grid as a reliable support. It can be said that the global energy Internet is the extension and development of the smart grid. The development opinions of the smart grid issued by the National Development and Reform Commission and the Energy Bureau propose to initially establish a smart grid system that is safe, reliable, open, compatible, efficient, clean and environmentally friendly by 2020. Facing the new situation, new tasks and new challenges, China's power industry development will increase the intensity of clean substitution and electric energy replacement. Strive to build two high-voltage power grids in the east and west by 2020, and greatly improve the grid security level and resource optimization and allocation capabilities. By 2025, it will basically become a comprehensive demonstration of the global energy Internet.
4, big data analysis is very useful (one-stop big data analysis platform ETHINK, let the data present value)
When it comes to the energy Internet, it is impossible to mention the core technology big data of the Internet. How to cooperate with big data companies and make profits from them is the core of the process of building a new energy ecosystem in the future. Although the analysis and utilization of big data exists in the energy industry, its data utilization is far from sufficient. The enterprises engaged in big data analysis are not in the energy field, and they have a full and complete understanding of the energy industry. The development of new models for energy big data service applications includes actively promoting the expansion of energy big data collection; realizing the integration and sharing of energy big data; research relies on the State Grid Corporation to build a national energy big data information center.
5. Energy and related industries will accelerate integration
Using the Internet concept, the integration of energy Internet and different industries has become a new way. With the rapid growth of distributed energy production enterprises and the continuous development of energy storage technology, thousands of distributed energy production and energy storage enterprises have access to the main power grid, thus completing the two-way supply from traditional single-item electric energy suppliers to electric energy. The transformation of business. With the maturity of battery technology and the reduction of its cost, electrified transportation, which is mainly represented by electric vehicles, is booming. On this basis, the degree of coupling between the power system and the transportation system will gradually increase in the near future. Future energy companies may present two formats: energy companies are shifting to high-tech enterprises, and high-tech enterprises are transforming into energy companies. For example, the combination of the photovoltaic industry and the Internet has an accelerated integration effect for the renewable energy industry.
6, from electricity sales services to integrated energy services
Integrated energy services are a form of integrated energy services that integrates energy and regional energy supply around it, while integrating public heat, electricity, gas, and even water. Traditional energy industries, including power companies, power grid companies, gas companies, equipment manufacturers, ESCO (energy conservation service companies), system integrators, and professional design institutes are planning to transition to integrated energy services.
7. The internationalization of power trade is accelerating
Since 1980, the global volume of cross-border power trade has grown rapidly, with an average annual growth rate of more than 4%. In the past decade, the international oil trade volume has only increased by 1.5% annually. In the future, power trade will gradually replace fossil energy trade and become the mainstay of global energy trade.
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