I. Overview
With the rapid development of urbanization in China, the number of motor vehicles has increased rapidly. By the end of 2014, the number of motor vehicles in China had reached 264 million, including 154 million vehicles. The sharp increase in the number of motor vehicles has brought tremendous pressure on traffic in many large and medium-sized cities and has gradually spread to small and medium-sized cities. In the small and medium-sized cities, due to the limitations of city size, planning and design, it is impossible to build road infrastructure without restrictions to solve the growing traffic problems. Therefore, the use of advanced traffic management technology, the introduction of intelligent transportation systems to solve the contradictions in urban transportation development is an inevitable choice for small and medium-sized cities in China.
Second, the status quo of traffic in small and medium cities
1. Frequent traffic accidents caused by illegal motor vehicles
According to statistics from the Ministry of Public Security, 60,000 people die in traffic accidents every year in China, and 200,000 people are injured in accidents. More than 90% of death traffic accidents are caused by illegal traffic. From the point of view of the degree of hazard, traffic accidents caused by red light, speeding, overloading, and drunk driving are large, and the degree of malignancy is high; casual parking, illegal lane change, pressure line, retrograde behavior, etc. also lead to traffic accidents. Therefore, how to resist the illegal behavior of drivers and ensure safe and civilized travel is the top priority.
2, road traffic congestion is serious
As the number of motor vehicles continues to grow, the demand for traffic exceeds the road's own ability to withstand traffic flows, causing traffic congestion problems. Especially in the peak traffic time, the road traffic capacity is seriously insufficient. The traffic jam caused by the intersection leads to the traffic congestion of the whole road. When the signal control system is built, the signal light is simply added, and there is no signal light linkage. The specific traffic flow is timed, causing the vehicle to wait in line for release, which reduces the traffic capacity of the road and increases the congestion of the road.
3. Missing traffic guidance information
At present, most small and medium-sized cities have begun to build traffic guidance systems after building infrastructures such as bayonet and electronic police. However, there is no available traffic flow data. There is no traffic guidance information released in the road guidance information screens of many small and medium-sized cities. The induction is not strong. Therefore, for congested road sections, congestion information cannot be released in time for shunting, which makes the congestion phenomenon intensify.
Third, the development direction of small and medium-sized cities
Intelligent transportation systems have been widely used in cities at home and abroad and have played an extremely important role. Although China's small and medium-sized cities can't reach the traffic level and parameters of big cities at home and abroad, they can also develop intelligent transportation roads suitable for their own development according to their urban nature and traffic characteristics, and refer to the experience of urban intelligent transportation development at home and abroad. It has a significant improvement effect on urban traffic conditions, and the technology is relatively mature and stable in the field of intelligent transportation systems.
1. Face Evidence Electronic Police System
It is understood that in China, 2.6 people die every day from red light, so red light violations are one of the main illegal acts causing death traffic accidents.
The “Regulations on the Application and Use of Motor Vehicle Driving Licenses†(Order No. 123 of the Ministry of Public Security), which was implemented on January 1, 2013, increased the penalty for red light violations from the original deduction of 3 points to a deduction of 6 points, indicating that the red light is illegal. The importance of behavior remediation. However, the traditional electronic police system can only capture the red light vehicles and cannot identify the driver. This has caused the phenomenon of “driving and selling†in the society, and it is impossible to form a truly effective shock to the driver who violates the law.
The electronic police system for face forensics came into being, fixing the red light violations to the driver, thus curbing the illegal trading of driving points, increasing the illegal cost and regulating the driver's driving habits. In the newly released GA/T496-2014 "General Technical Conditions for Red Light Automatic Recording System" in 2014, the electronic police for face authentication was also requested.
At the same time, the major manufacturers in the industry also launched 3 million and 6 million capture machines that can meet the new standards for the face forensics system, and even launched 7 million capture machines that exceed the standard requirements.
1) System composition
2) Main functions of the system
l Red light driver's face forensics function
The terminal server receives the picture data from the card slot capture unit and the electric police capture unit, and performs real-time matching and comparison on the data in the same direction, thereby finally realizing the association and synthesis of the illegal vehicle forward picture and the back picture.
l Other illegal behavior face forensics function
While supporting the red-light driver's face forensics function, the system also extends this function for other illegal activities. The user can flexibly choose whether to enable the red light, the pressure line, the non-guided driving, and the retrograde corresponding driver's face forensics function in the configuration interface.
l Traffic parameter collection function
Supports the measurement of data, statistical traffic flow parameters, including traffic, vehicle speed, time occupancy, vehicle length, headway time, etc.; traffic data statistics cycle can be set and output according to requirements, and supports rich graphical reports and data export. At the same time, it also provides basic data support for signal control systems and traffic guidance systems.
2, manual illegal capture system
In addition to the red light accident, motor vehicle drivers do not obey the traffic rules, such as: random parking, illegal lane change, pressure line, retrograde behavior, etc., seriously affecting the urban road traffic order, and even the loss of people's personal property.
The traffic control department has continuously introduced scientific and technological construction means to provide information weapons for vehicle order management. Among them, the manual illegal capture business is an indispensable part of the scientific and technological construction of traffic police. Because the manual capture business adopts the manual judgment of illegal behavior and manually captures the forensic mode of illegal vehicles, the types of illegal behaviors that can be realized are relatively rich in automatic illegal evidence collection (such as the red police electronic police). Therefore, the upgrade of the function and performance of the manual capture service has not greatly improved the order management business of the traffic control department.
At this stage, the traditional manual capture system needs to deploy analog domes or digital spheres in the frequent areas of illegal activities for image acquisition. The video images are transmitted to the monitoring center through coaxial cables. The service specialists of the monitoring center control the domes of the domes through the keyboard. Observe the traffic conditions of road vehicles. Once the illegal behavior occurs, manually control the ball machine to track the illegal process of the vehicle, and obtain the details such as the illegal vehicle number plate and the driver of the vehicle through the means of zooming and focusing, and finally realize the illegal behavior forensics. The process requires manual intervention.
However, the traditional manual capture system has unsolvable business conflicts:
Low resolution: Take the analog manual capture system as an example. Due to the technical bottleneck of the analog camera itself, the resolution is generally D1 (about 400,000 pixels). The captured forensic video often cannot effectively identify the license plate font, the interior personnel and other details. , resulting in constant punishment disputes.
Monitoring and control are not synchronized: the digital manual capture system resolution can reach 1080P. Although it meets the requirements of high-definition forensics, due to the complex structure of the system, keyboard control and surveillance video often have contradictions that cannot be coordinated and synchronized. The most prominent performance is If the illegal vehicle is found, the speed of the ball machine can not keep up with the speed of the vehicle or the vehicle's field of vision can not be effectively obtained.
The efficiency of forensics depends on personal qualities: the traditional manual capture mode, the efficiency and effectiveness of evidence collection depends entirely on the professional quality and technical level of the business commissioner. The efficiency of evidence collection is low, and traffic violations cannot be effectively curbed.
In summary, the traditional manual capture system has many shortcomings, which cannot effectively curb traffic violations. High-definition and intelligentization is the way out of manual capture system. It uses megapixel-level high-definition dome camera, integrated intelligent target tracking algorithm and number plate recognition algorithm to realize automatic forensics of illegal behavior with minimal manual intervention cost.
1) System composition
2) Main functions of the system
l Semi-automatic intelligent tracking and forensics function of vehicle dynamic illegal behavior
The system can semi-automatically track and collect the dynamic violations of vehicles such as “illegal pressure lines, illegal lane changes, illegal retrogrades, illegal U-turns, curfews left, curfews right, curfew zones, illegal use of motor vehicles by motor vehiclesâ€.
The forensic commissioner controls the front-end pan/tilt through the client PC and serial port keyboard to switch the monitoring scene and preview in multiple angles. When the above-mentioned illegal behavior is found, the forensic commissioner remotely sets the front-end intelligent forensics ball to the "urban road forensics" mode through the platform client, and then manually selects the illegal target vehicle manually, and the front-end intelligent forensic ball is tracked in real time with the target vehicle as the center. Gradually zoom in on the target vehicle's details by autofocusing, autoscaling, and more. When the ball machine recognizes the vehicle number plate information, or exceeds the forensic time limit, or the target is lost, or manually stops the forensic process, the forensic process is ended, and the illegal process segment video is generated. The forensic commissioner can use the central management platform to dynamically capture the system client to complete a series of follow-up operations such as illegal video recording, screenshot forensics, illegal image synthesis, illegal entry, and illegal review.
l Vehicle static illegal behavior 3D location tracking forensics function
The system can carry out 3D location tracking and forensics on the behavior of “unlawful parking of other prohibited road sectionsâ€.
When the violation is discovered, the forensic commissioner first selects “3D positioning†at the client endpoint, and then manually selects the target vehicle. The front-end intelligent forensic ball will perform 3D positioning centering on the target vehicle, according to the box selection rules and proportions (forward drawing) Frame, zoom in and out; reverse frame, zoom out; the smaller the box, the larger the zoom ratio, and vice versa, the more automatic zooming and zooming, and in accordance with local regulations Take a long-term and close-up capture, complete the capture, and end the forensics. Subsequent through the central management platform to dynamically capture the system client to complete a series of operational procedures such as illegal picture synthesis, illegal entry, illegal review.
3. Intelligent signal light control system
The intelligent traffic light control is an important part of the urban traffic intelligent management system. However, the current traffic light control system in small and medium-sized cities is basically a single fixed timing control, which cannot be adjusted according to actual traffic conditions.
Aiming at the current situation of traffic in small and medium-sized cities in China, an intelligent signal light control system consisting of traffic basic information collection and signal control can be cited.
The signal control system can adjust the timing of the traffic signal light of the entire intersection according to the intersection traffic information (vehicle flow, etc.) obtained by the vehicle detector, and adjust the timing scheme to realize the adaptive control of the traffic signal of the single intersection, or according to the overall region. The traffic flow condition carries out targeted regional coordination of the signal light timing scheme, greatly improving traffic efficiency and traffic intelligence level, and alleviating road congestion. The access of the vehicle detector includes: traffic information data collected by the bayonet, the electric police, the video vehicle, the coil, the microwave, and the like.
1) System composition
2) Main functions of the system
l Multi-time control
Multi-time control, according to the change of traffic demand, divide the time of day into several control periods, and automatically run according to the preset scheme with time. The signal period, green signal ratio, and phase sequence do not change with the change of road conditions during the operation of each scheme.
Multi-period control is especially suitable for intersections with relatively regular traffic, and its signal timing scheme is based on historical traffic data of typical conditions.
Multi-period control scheme
l Induction control
Inductive control, the signal machine adjusts the control mode of the signal timing according to the traffic flow data measured by the vehicle detector. The premise of inductive control is to establish the correspondence between the detector and the phase, including the vehicle detector and the pedestrian detector.
Inductive control is more effective at intersections where traffic volume changes are large and irregular, difficult to use with timed control, and at intersections where interference to major trunks must be reduced.
l Device fault detection and processing functions
Any slight failure of the signal control system on the signal light is an unacceptable problem, so the introduction of the fault detection mechanism is essential.
The signal is equipped with an independent fault detection module, which can perform fault monitoring, self-diagnosis and recording functions for internal and external equipment. When the fault is found, the fault is degraded to ensure traffic safety and a fault warning signal is issued. The signal fault types are classified into severe faults and general faults. The severe faults include: green conflict faults, red and green collision faults of the same light group, and a set of phase corresponding red light signals are faulty. General faults include: communication faults, detector faults, power faults, etc.
When a serious fault occurs, the traffic signal control machine is immediately changed to yellow flash control; the general fault manifests as other general faults that do not affect road traffic safety. After the fault is found, it can be automatically downgraded to a more reliable control mode to ensure that the signal machine continues to work normally. .
l Video traffic data access
It can support video traffic data access through 485 interface/network port. At present, there are more intelligent transportation facilities in major cities. For example, bayonet and electronic police have certain traffic data collection functions. Reusing the traffic data of these devices can save a lot of cost for the project.
4. Traffic Guidance Information System
The traffic guidance system can analyze and release the traffic condition of the road section and the intersection, and use the traffic-induced variable information sign arranged by the intersection to select the reasonable travel route to release the guidance information for the traffic participants. At the same time, it provides traffic managers with road traffic data analysis and statistical information, road anomaly information alarms, providing visual data support for command and dispatch, effectively preventing and mitigating traffic congestion, achieving balanced distribution of road network traffic flow; reducing vehicles on the road The purpose of the travel time and so on.
1) System composition
The traffic guidance system consists of four subsystems, namely the information acquisition subsystem, the network transmission subsystem, the central analysis subsystem and the information release subsystem. The vehicle information collected by the front end is analyzed by the center to obtain the traffic state of the road condition. The traffic state of the road condition can also be manually judged by video monitoring, and announced in the external traffic guidance screen to realize the real-time notification of the traffic state of the road condition.
2) Main features of the system
l Multi-source data fusion of traffic data collected by cards, fixed sources and floating vehicles to obtain higher-accuracy traffic status information;
l Under the conditions of the layout principle and data format that meet the requirements of the induction engine, the urban traffic guidance system can be constructed by utilizing the data provided by the bayonet and bayonet type electronic police endpoints, and the system investment is small and cost-effective;
l Based on the vehicle information data of massive bayonet and bayonet type electronic police and combined with other detection methods such as fixed source and floating car, the road conditions can be analyzed, and the samples can be analyzed more, the data accuracy is higher, and the coverage is wider.
Fourth, the conclusion
The development of intelligent transportation in small and medium-sized cities in China should combine the current intelligent transportation technology, formulate a reasonable development strategy based on the current situation and problems of urban traffic, and prioritize the construction of intelligent transportation fields that have obvious improvement and improvement of the current traffic status of small and medium-sized cities, and alleviate traffic conflicts. . With the continuous construction of small and medium-sized cities and the gradual maturity of key technologies for intelligent transportation, it is the strategic goal of small and medium-sized cities in China to refine and develop intelligent transportation systems.
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