In recent years, high-brightness LEDs (HB-LEDs) have made rapid progress, and these technological advances have been rapidly applied to end markets such as automobiles, buildings, and street lighting. Moreover, with the latest drive technology, high-performance LED lighting has become more reliable and efficient than traditional lighting forms, and is becoming more and more popular in the market. However, due to the lack of standardization, LED driving and control methods are various. The solutions used in many applications do not take into account the special needs of LEDs. Some methods, while able to cope with new certification needs, do not provide an excellent system solution. As a result, there are opportunities and needs for specific application solutions on the market.
First, the system program
The main components of a solid-state HB-LED lighting system can be simply divided into power conversion, control and drive, thermal management, optics, and of course the LED itself. Given that any of these components are not fully available and applied, a given HB-LED lighting system will not work efficiently. For example, without using a lens and a light guide to focus and process the light source, it does not meet the lighting specifications of the application. Similarly, if the thermal management problem is not carefully considered and addressed, the operating temperature of the system will be severely affected by the sudden rise of the LED junction temperature well above the maximum rated operating temperature of the component.
The voltage source in an HB-LED lighting system will vary with the type of application. For building and building applications, we can usually estimate the supply voltage to be AC. At the same time, outdoor lighting may be powered by unregulated power supplies such as AC power, 12V lead-acid batteries, or solar power. For automotive applications, the power supply is usually a 12V battery.
Although it is possible to use a voltage source to drive the LED without using some type of power conversion, this is not a good idea because normal voltage fluctuations can cause large changes in LED current. Taking into account the extremely steep voltage/current (V/I) curve and the large difference in the forward voltage (usually above 1V) of different batches of LEDs, it is necessary to use isolated or non-isolated power conversion sections.
Second, the LED steady flow
The main function of the LED driver is to limit the current, regardless of the input conditions and how the forward voltage changes under various operating conditions. The drive itself and the overall system solution must meet the requirements for energy efficiency, current tolerance, form factor, size, cost, and safety. The chosen solution must also be easy to apply and strong enough to meet the extreme environmental conditions of a particular application.
Designers can choose from three different basic regulator topologies depending on the details of their application. They are:
1. Buck—Used when the minimum input voltage (Vin) is always greater than the maximum operating voltage of the LED string under all operating conditions.
Figure 1 Typical circuit diagram of the buck converter
2. Boost—Used when the maximum input voltage (Vin) is always less than the minimum operating voltage of the LED string under all operating conditions.
Figure 2 Typical circuit diagram of the boost converter
3. Buck-Boost or Single-Ended Primary Inductor Converter (SEPIC)—Used when there is an overlap between the input and output voltages. Advances in coupled inductors have made these solutions easier to apply in equally sized buck or boost topologies. Once mastered, the SEPIC topology offers more advantages than other common topologies, as well as higher energy efficiency, smaller form factor and lower cost.
Figure 3 Typical circuit diagram of a buck-boost converter
LiFePO4 Battery Pack refers to a battery pack that uses lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4) as the positive electrode material, which is a common lithium-ion battery. LiFePO4 battery has been widely concerned and applied due to its advantages of high safety, long life, high energy density, and environmental protection.
Main effect:
Energy storage: The main function of the LiFePO4 Battery Pack is to store energy and store electrical energy so as to supply electricity to electrical equipment when needed. It can store electricity from solar panels or other power sources, and then supply power at night or when solar radiation is low.
Smooth power output: LiFePO4 battery has good power characteristics, can output power smoothly, and maintain a stable power supply. It can adjust and supplement power fluctuations to ensure the continuity and stability of the power supply.
Provide backup power: LiFePO4 Battery Pack can be used as a backup power source for power outages or emergencies, providing continuous power to critical equipment.
Differences from Solar Battery Pack:
Solar Battery Pack is a more general concept that refers to the overall unit formed by combining multiple solar battery cells. This battery pack can utilize different types of battery technologies, including lithium-ion batteries, lead-acid batteries, and more.
The LiFePO4 Battery Pack is a specific type of Solar Battery Pack, which refers to a solution that uses a lithium iron phosphate battery as a battery pack. Therefore, LiFePO4 Battery Pack is a subset of the Solar Battery Pack.
In general, LiFePO4 Battery Pack is a specific type of solar battery pack, which uses lithium iron phosphate lithium battery, which has the advantages of high safety and long life and is suitable for energy storage applications of solar power generation. The Solar Battery Pack is a broader concept, including all battery packs used to store solar energy or other energy, of which the LiFePO4 Battery Pack is just one of the implementations.
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