Editor's Note: Quantum technology is the most advanced science and technology in the world today. China, the United States and Europe have invested in multiple laboratories to tackle related issues. In August 2016, China successfully launched the world's first quantum science experimental satellite “Mozi No.†at the international level. At the beginning of this year, it completed all on-orbit testing and officially delivered the experimental team of the University of Science and Technology to carry out scientific experiments. At the end of last year, the first “Kyoto-Main Line†of the first thousand-kilometer-scale quantum communication backbone network in the world has been fully penetrated. The United States is at the forefront of research and development in quantum computers, and the latest IBM has introduced the first general-purpose quantum computer, which once again leads the future of technology applications. It is expected that IBM will launch a quantum cloud service later this year. Xiao Bian chose the latest report from Tencent Technology and introduced the latest developments.
According to Nature, this year IBM will implement the world's first commercial "universal" quantum computing service IBM Q system, built on IBM's Quantum Experience technology. Although the technology is not yet mature, IBM will launch a long-term strategic plan around it.
Whenever you want to create something, you will find that they have already appeared. IBM announced on March 6 that it plans to implement the world's first commercial "universal" quantum computing service sometime this year. This system, named IBM Q, is free to use online.
Its functionality is at least not better than traditional computers. However, the company said that this system is critical to the development of the future quantum machine market, and that future quantum machines will be able to solve complex operations that traditional computers cannot. Cloud services are the latest advancement in the creation of useful quantum computers.
The project builds on the know-how of developing IBM's existing cloud computing services: Quantum Experience, which anyone can use for free. The system went live in May 2016 and the latest user interface has been upgraded. Jerry Chow, a physicist who led the quantum computing lab at the IBM Research Center in New York, said, "It has taught us a lot in 10 months." It gives researchers around the world a quantum that doesn't require their own use. The computer can practice the way to build quantum algorithms. Joe said that IBM's overall strategy is to build "a community and an ecosystem" around this technology.
When IBM was tight on the line when IBM Q was on the line, it only said that it will go online this year. It also did not disclose how powerful the system would be, or how much it would cost. The company said that there have been the first batch of customers waiting for their release, but will not disclose customer information, only that several commercial partners will develop their own applications for machine testing.
Quantum competition
Quantum computers exploit the counter-intuitive properties of subatomic physics. Information unit qubits (qubits) can have multiple states at the same time, rather than simply representing 0 or 1 bits in traditional calculations. Since the beginning of the 1990s, theoretical physicists, including some working at IBM, have developed quantum-based algorithms that theoretically perform certain tasks faster than traditional computer exponential times.
But in fact, having enough qubits together to run such an algorithm on a general-purpose quantum computer has proven to be very challenging. There are two leading technologies that can handle quantum bits: one technique uses an electric field and a magnetic field to trap a single ion in a vacuum; another technique incorporates a qubit into a micro-superconducting circuit that maintains a temperature above a few degrees above absolute zero. IBM is pouring into the latter technology.
In recent years, Google (microblogging) has also entered the quantum competition, establishing a superconducting qubit laboratory in Santa Barbara (California, USA). IBM and several other companies, as well as academic laboratories, have announced aggressive plans to build beyond traditional computer machines. However, these machines each need to run approximately 50 qubits. The current record is about 20 qubits and is barely simple enough to compute.
Actual transaction
Therefore, when IBM introduced the Quantum Experience (running 5 superconducting qubits), many people did not see the significance of this move. Physicist Christopher Monroe said, “Many people see it as a show.†He worked at the ion trap lab at the University of Maryland, College Park, and said he thought it was important.
Even if this is not the most advanced machine, IBM has overcome many challenges to bring Quantum Experience online, so that not necessarily physicists can be used online by researchers who have previously used a large number of sub-computers. This includes creating a system that physicists who don't need to build it can continue to focus on. Monroe said, "It's obvious to put the machine in the cloud, but it takes a lot of work to get the system to that level."
Being able to use systems such as Quantum Experience or IBM Q means that researchers around the world are beginning to face the unique challenges of quantum programming. This is quite different from traditional programming, which requires the programmer to understand the limitations of adapting to physical qubits. Monroe said that in principle, a 5-qubit machine is easy to simulate with a traditional computer or even a notebook. But the real qubit is not that simple.
Isaac Chuang, a physicist at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, said, "The real challenge is whether you can make your algorithm run on hardware that is flawed in reality."
Joe said that IBM Q will have more qubits than Quantum Experience, but the company has not yet released a specific value.
The era of quantum clouds
Quantum Experience has attracted approximately 40,000 users in more than 100 countries. For example, Zhuang used the quantum experience online in the undergraduate course of quantum computing he taught last year, and students were able to practice programming on actual quantum computers.
Quantum Experience's system users have done 275,000 trials and published 15 research papers. Among them, the Monroe-led team and his partners compared the performance of IBM's superconducting machines and Monroe Labs' No. 1 5-qubit ion trap machine. IBM's quantum cloud service is faster, but Monroe's machines are more accurate.
Monroe co-founded IonQ and is expected to introduce a cloud-based ion trap quantum service, but he can't give specific time. John MarTInis, the leader of Google's quantum computing lab, said Google is planning to do the same with its superconducting qubit machines, but only after it has made a computer that can run 50 qubits.
At the same time, D-Wave of Burnaby, Canada, has provided quantum computing services in the cloud since 2010. Jeremy Hilton, senior vice president of systems, said, "The core of our strategy is to access the cloud." But D-wave machines are not "universal" computers and can only run a limited range of quantum algorithms. In any case, several research groups have used the quantum computing service to do the project.
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