Type of insulated wire

A wire is a conductive metal wire used to carry current. There are various forms such as solid, stranded or foil braided. According to the insulation status, it is divided into two categories: bare wire and insulated wire. The difference between a wire and a cable is that the size of the wire is generally small and the structure is relatively simple, but the cable is sometimes classified into a generalized wire.

Bare wire. Wires that do not contain any insulation or protective layers. In addition to being used as a conductor for transmitting electrical energy and information, it can also be used to manufacture components and connecting wires for motors and appliances. Generally made of copper, aluminum, copper alloy, aluminum alloy, and copper clad steel, aluminum clad steel and other composite metal materials. In addition to good electrical conductivity, bare wires have certain mechanical properties such as tensile strength, elongation, bending and torsion properties, creep resistance, and wear resistance. According to the shape of the structure can be divided into four types.

a, round single line: a single bare wire with a circular cross section. Can be used as an overhead line, used as a carrier lightning conductor copper clad steel wire, aluminum clad steel wire and so on.

b. Stranded wire: It is made up of a plurality of bare wires twisted in a spiral according to certain rules. Including copper stranded wire and aluminum stranded wire for distribution lines; it has high mechanical strength. There are alloy aluminum stranded wire, steel core aluminum stranded wire used as power transmission line, and copper clad steel stranded wire, aluminum clad steel stranded wire, steel core aluminum alloy stranded wire for steel wire for heavy ice area or large span occasion, and Expanded diameter aluminum steel strands for corona.

c. Soft wiring: flexible wires with a plurality of small-section wires spirally twisted or woven according to certain rules, such as copper brush wires, copper antennas, and copper braided wires connected between motors and electrical components.

d. Profile: A bare wire with a trapezoidal or rectangular cross section. Including the manufacture of flat copper wire, flat aluminum wire, hollow copper and aluminum wire, copper busbar, aluminum busbar, trapezoidal copper wire (for motor commutator) and electric car line for electric locomotive. In addition, there are fiber-optic composite overhead lines composed of optical fibers and bare wires.

The insulated wire covers the wire of the insulating layer. Divided into electromagnetic wire and general insulated wire according to the purpose. Insulated wires usually refer to the latter, including various connecting wires and mounting wires. Electromagnetic wires are specifically referred to as insulated wires for making coils or windings.

There are three types of general insulated wires.

a, rubber or plastic insulated wire: use natural rubber, styrene butadiene rubber and neoprene and polyvinyl chloride plastic as the insulation layer, the conductive core is mainly aluminum wire. Ordinary rubber insulated wires are also commonly wrapped with cotton yarn, glass fiber or synthetic fiber to be impregnated with asphalt paint for mechanical protection. This kind of wire is widely used in various electrical equipment and power and lighting circuits under 500 volts and below 1000 volts.

b, rubber plastic insulated cord: the wire is soft, can be bent many times, the outer diameter is small and light weight. Used in a variety of AC and DC mobile appliances, electrical instruments, telecommunications equipment and automation equipment, also used in daily electrical appliances and lighting lines.

c. Plastic insulated shielding wire: Wrap a layer of metal foil or a layer of metal wire to form a shielding layer outside the insulation of the insulated wire or the insulated cord. Connect the shielding layer to a fixed potential to reduce the external electromagnetic wave to the wire. The interference of the current also reduces the influence of the electromagnetic field generated by the current in the wire on the outside world. Mainly used in lines that require mutual interference prevention. The insulating layer is mostly made of polyvinyl chloride, and the shielding layer is mostly made of a copper wire woven structure. Due to low productivity, large copper consumption, and inconvenient shielding grounding, it is currently being developed to use a thin copper wire single layer twisting instead of weaving, and then a thin layer of plastic is applied to prevent scattering, and a metallized film composite structure is also used. Composite tapes such as aluminum foil and polyester film are longitudinally wrapped for insulation and shielding.

In addition, there are various insulated wires suitable for special requirements, such as low-voltage wires for automobiles, high-voltage ignition wires for automobiles, lead wires for electrical appliances, aviation wires, and compensation wires.