Nowadays, drones have become one of the biggest hot spots in the exhibition. Well-known drone companies such as DJI, Parrot, 3DRobotics and AirDog have displayed their latest products. Even Intel and Qualcomm booths exhibited aircraft with powerful communications and the ability to automatically avoid obstacles. UAVs have quickly become a phenomenal hot product in 2015, and we haven't even had time to study it. Compared to fixed-wing drones, multi-axis aircraft are more stable and can hover in the air. The hardware structure of the mainframe and the structure of the standard remote control are shown below.
Four-axis aircraft system analysis diagram
Remote control system analysis diagram
These are just anatomical maps of standard products. Some of the more advanced ones, such as the UAV system for RC enthusiasts and aerial users, require more modules such as pan/tilt, camera, video transmission system and video reception.
Flight Control brain: Microcontroller
On the flight control board of the quadcopter, there are not many chips to be used. The current toy-class aircraft is simply flying or staying in the air. As long as it can receive the commands sent by the remote control and control the four motors to drive the blades, the flight or hover function can basically be realized. According to senior semiconductor engineers at STMicroelectronics, the main components of the UAV/Multi-Axis aircraft include flight control and remote control. Flight control includes ESC/motor control, aircraft attitude control, and pan/tilt control. At present, the mainstream ESC control methods are mainly divided into BLDC square wave control and FOC sine wave control.
Xintang's MCU official said: Multi-axis aircraft consists of different modules such as remote control, flight control, power system, aerial photography, etc. According to the needs of different grades of products, different CPU cores will be adopted. For example, the small four-axis flight master, because of its simple function and small size, must integrate remote control receiving, flight control and power drive functions at the same time; the middle and high-order multi-axis aircraft adopts built-in DSP and floating-point arithmetic unit, which is responsible for flight control. The function, the ESC board that drives the brushless motor is designed in the MINI5 ($1.0889) series. The low-end remote control uses the 4T8051N79E814 in the SOP20 package; the mid- to high-end remote control uses the Cortex-M0M051 series. In addition, the N329 series SOC with built-in ARM9 and H.264 video edge decoders is used in 2.4G and 5.8G aerial photography systems.
On the flight control board, the MCU is used instead of the CPU for control and processing. Since the flight control is mainly floating point operation, the simple ARMCortex-M4 core 32-bit MCU can be well satisfied. Some sensor MEMS chips have integrated DSP, and with this, a simpler 8-bit microcontroller can do it.
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